Category : Optics (components, coatings, instruments and systems) > Optical instrumentation, systems and accessories

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Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are solid-state P-N junction devices that emit light when forward biased. An IRED is an Infrared Emitting Diode, a term specifically applied to PerkinElmer IR Emitters. Unlike incandescent lamps, which emit light over a very broad range of wavelengths, LEDs emit light over such a narrow bandwidth that they appear to be emitting a single “color”. Their small size, long operating lifetimes, low power consumption, compatibility with solid-state drive circuitry, and relatively low cost make LEDs the preferred light source in many applications.

LEDs are made from a wide range of semiconductor materials. The emitted peak wavelength depends on the semiconductor material chosen and how it is processed. LEDs can be made that emit in the visible or near-infrared part of the spectrum.

The P-N junction is formed by doping one region of the material with donor atoms and the adjacent region with acceptor atoms. Like all P-N junction devices, LEDs exhibit the familiar diode current-voltage characteristics. LEDs emit light only when they are biased in the forward direction. Under forward-biased conditions, carriers are given enough energy to overcome the potential barrier existing at the junction. After crossing the junction, these carriers will recombine. A percentage of the carriers will recombine by a radiative process in which the hole-electron recombination energy is released as a photon of light. The remaining carriers recombine by a non-radiative process and give up their energy in the form of heat.

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List of all articles in this sub-category Optical instrumentation, systems and accessories

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